Chang has no desire to go home to her parents, at least not yet.
The 18-year-old Filipina has lived in a shelter since being rescued four years ago from a neighbor who forced her to perform sexual acts in front of a webcam for overseas predators.
“When I am ready to face them to tell them that I am new and that I can handle myself then I will go home,” said Chang, who is too ashamed to return home. Her abuser has been jailed.
“Only when I am successful,” she told the Thomson Reuters Foundation, explaining how she was lured into a den of abuse with the promise of a few dollars to buy a new pair of jeans.
Chang is one of hundreds of girls and young women in the care of charities after being saved from cybersex trafficking, a form of modern-day slavery, which saw 60,000 reports logged in the Philippines in 2018, a five-fold increase over four years.
Campaigners put the country at the global epicenter of the growing trade, which is creating a crisis of care for rising numbers of children, many very young, who often have to be removed from families that profit from their exploitation.
Led by police in the Philippines, a new global task force has this year been tracking down and rescuing children abused online as it works through a backlog of hundreds of cases.
With investigators from Britain and Australia backing local cops working solely on cybersex trafficking, the Philippines is clamping down on an illicit industry that has been fueled by cheap internet, the high level of English and rampant poverty.
Yet the crackdown is set to see the number of children in need of protection soar, leaving shelters scrambling to keep up.
“With the anticipated influx of cases, additional human and material resources are required to cater to the needs of the victims,” said Zafrin Chowdhury, a spokeswoman for the United Nations children’s agency (UNICEF).
The Philippines is training officials to care for children who have been abused sexually online, said Chowdhury of UNICEF, which works with the government to develop aftercare programs.
Officials from the nation’s department of social welfare and development, the lead government agency tasked with responding to the issue, were not immediately available for comment.
Staying safe
Since 2011, the International Justice Mission (IJM), an anti-trafficking charity backing the task force, has rescued more than 400 children from dens of online sex abuse, and placed them in 25 shelters certified to care specifically for survivors.
Once rehabilitated, carers then search for a family member deemed appropriate and reliable to continue raising the child.
Failing that, some go on to live alone, helped by charities, some stay in the shelters, and a small few go into foster care.
While stigma stops Chang from going home, many victims want to be reunited with their parents – even though they took money from abusers who forced the children to perform sex acts online.
Abusers can earn up to $100 per show in a country where about a fifth of its 105 million people live in poverty – earning less than $2,000 a year – according to government data.
As relatives or family friends are the exploiters in most cases, cybersex trafficking has become normalized to the point where many victims, whose average age is 12, reject aftercare.
“It’s so challenging for us to explain to these children that they must stay in the shelter to remain safe,” said Delores Rubia, IJM’s director of aftercare for children – a fifth of whom are six years old or younger.
“They are very young and they have not experienced other ways of life so they would say this is normal,” she said, adding that initially harmless interactions often evolve into violent abuse such as siblings made to perform sex acts upon each other.
No data exists on the number of child victims of cybersex trafficking, but about 784,000 people in the Philippines – or one in 130 – are estimated to be living as modern slaves, found the Global Slavery Index by the charity Walk Free Foundation.
“Shortage of shelters”
Family bonds also prove a hurdle to securing convictions.
One such case collapsed last year after a girl, who had allegedly been abused for years from the age of eight, refused to testify against her mother, who was ultimately acquitted.
“The daughter is still with us, waiting for a court order saying that she can be reunited with her mother,” said Sherryl Loseno, operations manager at Voice of the Free, an anti-slavery charity that runs shelters for survivors of online sex abuse.
Like most shelters, Voice of the Free generally caters to girls only, but in 2016 took in a five-year-old boy who was removed from abusive parents along with his two-year-old sister.
They were rehabilitated relatively quickly, but stayed in the shelter for an additional two years until carers found a suitable foster home.
“It was a very difficult case to handle,” said Loseno. “Not everyone wants to adopt two children, but it was important that they were not separated and put through another serious trauma.”
But foster care for victims of cybersex trafficking is rare. Only 3 of the 400 children rescued by IJM have found such homes, and charities are concerned about the shelters’ ability to cope.
“We can only cater to the maximum (capacity) of the shelter,” said Loseno. Voice of the Free’s main shelter in Manila, the capital, hosts 48 survivors but has only 50 beds.
“There is a shortage of shelters catering to … survivors.”
For Chang, who is free to go home but chooses not to, the shelter has given her a new lease on life. She is topping her classes, leading a dance troupe and telling her story to bring light to the plight of thousands of girls who are still trapped.
The most important part of the rehabilitation, she said, was learning to become a leader again – and looking ahead in life.
“I can see my future now,” she said, having recalled the moment that police entered her abuser’s home and arrested him.
“Wearing a uniform – a police uniform.”—Reporting by Matt Blomberg @BlombergMD; Editing by Kieran Guilbert and Katy Migiro, Thomson Reuters Foundation
